Many English learners make pronunciation mistakes with the -ED ending of regular verbs in English in the past tense. There are 3 ways to pronounce it:

1. Like T
2. Like ED (with an extra syllable)
3. Like D

Let’s do some English pronunciation practice with examples:

-ED pronounced like T

After English verbs ending with a K sound

https://www.espressoenglish.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/105-ED1.mp3

• asked
• checked
• kicked
• liked
• looked
• talked
• thanked
• walked
• worked

After English verbs ending with an S sound

https://www.espressoenglish.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/105-ED2.mp3

• confessed
• crossed
• dressed
• embarrassed
• guessed
• impressed
• increased
• missed
• passed
• promised

Remember that C in English can also have an S sound:

https://www.espressoenglish.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/105-ED3.mp3

• announced
• danced
• forced
• influenced
• introduced
• noticed
• reduced

After English verbs ending with an SH sound

https://www.espressoenglish.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/105-ED4.mp3

• brushed
• crashed
• punished
• pushed
• rushed

After English verbs ending with a CH sound

https://www.espressoenglish.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/105-ED5.mp3

• matched
• punched
• reached
• searched

After English verbs ending with an F / X sound

https://www.espressoenglish.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/105-ED6.mp3

• laughed
• fixed
• relaxed

-ED pronounced like ED (with extra syllable)

After English verbs ending with a T sound

https://www.espressoenglish.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/105-ED7.mp3

• accepted
• appreciated
• cheated
• connected
• excited
• interrupted
• invented
• rejected
• started
• waited

After English verbs ending with a D sound

https://www.espressoenglish.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/105-ED8.mp3

• avoided
• decided
• ended
• expanded
• guarded
• included
• needed
• pretended
• reminded
• succeeded

-ED pronounced like D

After ALL other English verbs that don’t fit into the first two categories

ap / pear –> ap / peared
(no extra syllable)

ac / cept –> ac / cep / ted
(the ED adds an extra syllable)

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After English verbs ending with an R sound

https://www.espressoenglish.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/105-ED9.mp3

• appeared
• compared
• considered
• entered
• remembered

After English verbs ending with a V sound

https://www.espressoenglish.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/105-ED10.mp3

• arrived
• received
• observed
• improved
• saved

After English verbs ending with a Z sound

https://www.espressoenglish.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/105-ED11.mp3

• advised
• buzzed
• paused
• raised
• sneezed

After English verbs ending with an L / M / N sound

https://www.espressoenglish.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/105-ED12.mp3

• killed
• pulled
• traveled
• claimed
• jammed
• burned
• examined
• explained
• turned
• warned

After English verbs ending with a vowel sound

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https://www.espressoenglish.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/105-ED13.mp3

• borrowed
• annoyed
• cried
• glued
• carried
• weighed

After English verbs ending with a B / G / J sound

https://www.espressoenglish.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/105-ED14.mp3

• robbed
• scrubbed
• belonged
• hugged
• arranged
• encouraged
• challenged
• judged
• managed

Let’s review:

-ED only adds an extra syllable when after a verb ending with T or D

https://www.espressoenglish.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/105-ED15.mp3

want –> wan / ted
(1 syllable –> 2 syllables)

de / cide –> de / ci / ded
(2 syllables –> 3 syllables)

In all other cases, it does not add an extra syllable

https://www.espressoenglish.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/105-ED16.mp3

miss –> missed (“misst”)
(1 syllable –> 1 syllable)

re / ceive –> re / ceived
(2 syllables –> 2 syllables)